Definition:
Drugs are substances that have a psychoactive effect on the human body and mind. They can alter consciousness, mood, perception or behavior. Drugs are consumed both legally (e.g. alcohol, nicotine) and illegally. Cannabis is one of the most commonly consumed illegal drugs worldwide, with the main active ingredient tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) being responsible for the intoxicating effect.
Cannabis:
Cannabis comes from the hemp plant(Cannabis sativa or Cannabis indica) and is consumed in various forms – for example as dried flowers (marijuana), resin (hashish) or extract (oil). It can be smoked, vaporized or ingested orally.
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol):
THC is the most important psychoactive ingredient in cannabis. It binds to special receptors in the brain (CB1 receptors) and influences the reward system, pain perception, short-term memory and motor control, among other things.
- Short-term: euphoria, relaxation, altered sensory perception, increased appetite (“binge eating”), but also anxiety or paranoia.
- Long-term: memory problems, reduced learning ability, psychological dependence, increased risk of mental illness (e.g. psychosis) in adolescents.
Legal status:
The legal status of cannabis varies around the world. In Germany, cannabis is generally prohibited (BtMG), but possession of small quantities for personal use is sometimes tolerated. Since 1 April 2024, possession and personal cultivation for adults has been partially legalized in Germany under certain conditions. In other countries such as Canada and some US states, cannabis is completely legal.
Medical cannabis:
Cannabis is also used medicinally, e.g. to relieve pain in chronic illnesses, to combat nausea during chemotherapy or for multiple sclerosis. In these cases, the medicine usually contains standardized amounts of THC and/or cannabidiol (CBD), another cannabis ingredient without an intoxicating effect.
Criticism and debate:
The discussion surrounding cannabis ranges from complete legalization to restrictive bans. Proponents argue in favour of personal responsibility, medical benefits and decriminalization. Critics warn of health risks, danger to young people and a possible gateway to harder drugs.
Conclusion:
Cannabis is one of the most discussed drugs worldwide. THC has an intoxicating effect, but can also pose health risks – especially when used regularly at a young age. The social and legal approach to cannabis is changing and reflects a broad discourse on individual freedom, health protection and addiction prevention.